Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the transplantation of blood stem cells. They are typically taken from the human bone marrow or blood, and transplanted into an ailing patient. This procedure is fairly risky and is therefore only performed on patients with life-threatening conditions (typically autoimmune or cardiovascular diseases).
Hematology is the branch of internal medicine that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. Physicians specialized in hematology are known as hematologists. They typically treat and care for patients with blood diseases, and they can also study blood in the lab. Physicians who work in hematology laboratories, and most commonly manage them, are pathologists specialized in the diagnosis of hematological diseases, referred to as hematopathologists. Hematologists and hematopathologists generally work together to diagnose and treat patients. Hematology is a subspecialty within internal medicine.
Hematology is the branch of internal medicine that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. Physicians specialized in hematology are known as hematologists. They typically treat and care for patients with blood diseases, and they can also study blood in the lab. Physicians who work in hematology laboratories, and most commonly manage them, are pathologists specialized in the diagnosis of hematological diseases, referred to as hematopathologists. Hematologists and hematopathologists generally work together to diagnose and treat patients. Hematology is a subspecialty within internal medicine.
Heart disease is the term for a group of diseases affecting the human heart. It is the leading cause of death in many countries; therefore, doctors and surgeons in this field must be able to treat and diagnose heart disease in order to save patients’ lives. Typically, heart disease is caused by reduced or blocked blood flow to the heart.
A heart attack, or cardiac arrest, occurs when the patient suffers an interruption of blood flow to his or her heart. This occurs most commonly as a result of blockage. Symptoms of heart attack include shooting pains in the extremities, chest pains, shortness of breath, vomiting, sweating, and nausea. Heart attacks must be treated as quickly as possible to save the patient’s life. One of AME’s heart attacks/cardiac arrest expert witnesses has written an exclusive medical malpractice article that we have provided, for your interest, below.Misdiagnosis of a Heart Attack A heart attack (myocardial infarction) is the most common cause of death in both men and women. Failure to timely treat will result in further irreversible heart damage with the consequence of heart failure, or worse: death. Classical crushing chest pain is most common in men, but not in women(who more commonly experience jaw, back or arm pain, or just fatigue). Whenever any adult has symptoms of a heart attack, the following test must be performed: an electrocardiogram (EKG), plus blood enzyme test to rule out heart muscle injury (troponin and CPK). Even if these are initially normal, the patient should be monitored in a hospital for 24 hours, and retested, especially if they have high risk factors: a previous heart attack, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol (especially if their LDL {“lousy” cholesterol} is greater than 100), and if they have a family history of a heart attack. The failure to do this is a departure from the accepted standards of care. Whenever a heart attack is diagnosed, the best treatment is to use blood clot dissolving medication (tPA: tissue plasminogen activator) within 4 hours to reopen the blocked coronary artery before irreversible heart muscle damage (necrosis: gangrene) occurs. Furthermore, continuous EKG monitoring will allow immediate treatment of any irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmias) before they cause ventricular fibrillation (just twitching of the heart muscle, without any blood pressure being created). Electrical defibrillation (electric shock to the heart) when immediately performed can often restart the heart, saving the patient’s life and brain before irreversible damage results. If the patient sustained a heart attack and was negligently misdiagnosed, but did not die, the psychological damage can be extensive: heart muscle damage with some degree of heart failure: decreased cardiac pumping efficiency measured by a lower ejection fraction, plus higher risk for a fatal heart attack, and greater need for invasive procedures: angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), with their risks and expenses.
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Health care managers are responsible for making sure that hospitals run smoothly; they must oversee everything so that the facilities and personnel are safe, effective, and fiscally solvent. Hospital managers must also make sure that their hospitals are completely in accordance with relevant laws and codes.
Health care facilities professionals are typically responsible for ensuring that the hospital remains safe, effective, and fiscally solvent. This means that they must oversee all of the hospital’s facilities and personnel in order to make sure that no costly or fatal mistakes will be made.
Health care administrators are responsible for ensuring that health care facilities are not only safe and effective, but also fiscally responsible. They tend to look out for the hospital or clinic’s “bottom line,” so that the hospital is able to remain solvent and open to continually treating patients.
Health care professionals who work in the health and fitness branch of medicine are responsible for enhancing patients’ overall well-being. This means that rather than specializing in a specific set of conditions or diseases, health and fitness physicians advise their patients on how to remain fit and healthy. They most commonly provide nutrition and exercise counseling.
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